Nelson HD, Fu R, Humphrey L, Smith ME, Griffin JC, Nygren P. Comparative Effectiveness of Medications To Reduce Risk of Primary Breast Cancer in Women. Comparative Effectiveness Review No. 17. (Prepared by Oregon Evidence-based Practice Center under Contract No. 290-2007-10057-1.) Rockville, MD: Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality. September 2009. Available at: www.effectivehealthcare.ahrq.gov/reports/final.cfm.

The purpose of this review is to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of tamoxifen citrate, raloxifene, and tibolone to reduce the risk of primary breast cancer; assess the nature and magnitude of harms; and examine how benefits and harms vary by age, breast cancer risk status, and other factors. This review examines issues related to clinical effectiveness, such as patient choice, concordance, adherence, and persistence of use, and evaluates methods to appropriately select patients for risk-reducing medications for clinical applications.

Collishaw NE (Chair), Boyd NF, Cantor KP, Hammond SK, Johnson KC, Millar J, Miller AB, Miller
M, Palmer JR, Salmon AG, Turcotte F. Canadian Expert Panel on Tobacco Smoke and Breast Cancer
Risk. Toronto, Canada: Ontario Tobacco Research Unit, OTRU Special Report Series, April 2009.

A recent report from the Canadian Expert Panel on Tobacco Smoke and Breast Cancer Risk (2009) explains the relationship between smoking and breast cancer. It is not only direct inhalation of the 20 known mammory carcinogens that presents a direct risk to smokers: smoldering cigarettes and second hand smoke are associated with increased breast cancer in young/non smoking women. Read the facts and protect yourself and those around you.

Clapp, R., G Howe, and M J Lefevre. Environmental and Occupational Causes of Cancer: A Review of Recent Scientific Literature.  Boston, Massachusetts. A Publication of the Lowell Center for Sustainable Production. University of Massachusetts Lowell. September 2005.

This paper summarizes recent scientific evidence of environmental and occupational links to nearly 30 types of cancer.